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AAN 2025 | Using AI to improve clinical trial screening in neurology

Vijaya B. Kolachalama, PhD, FAHA, Associate Professor of Medicine & Computer Science, Boston University, Boston, MA, comments on the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in neurology. Dr Kolachalama notes that current clinical trials face challenges in recruiting patients due to discrepancies between clinical diagnostic criteria and clinical trial enrollment criteria, resulting in high screen failure rates. This work aims to utilize routinely collected clinical data to identify patients who may meet clinical trial enrollment criteria, specifically those with PET-positive amyloid and tau, to make predictions on their eligibility for screening. This interview took place at the 77th American Academy of Neurology (AAN) Annual Meeting in San Diego, CA.

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Read more about this topic in this recent publication: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-62590-4.

Transcript

I think just to give some background, I think neurology is in a very exciting time. What we are trying to do here is build AI tools that can hopefully be assistive in neurology practices. For that to happen, we are working on basically creating tools that are robust, that are generalizable, that can actually work in the real world. One of the challenges in terms of finding the right patients for clinical trials is that the clinical diagnostic criteria does not necessarily meet the clinical trial enrollment criteria...

I think just to give some background, I think neurology is in a very exciting time. What we are trying to do here is build AI tools that can hopefully be assistive in neurology practices. For that to happen, we are working on basically creating tools that are robust, that are generalizable, that can actually work in the real world. One of the challenges in terms of finding the right patients for clinical trials is that the clinical diagnostic criteria does not necessarily meet the clinical trial enrollment criteria. So what happens is that when clinical trials are done in different sites, the physicians are trying to recruit these patients to get to those clinical trials, and unfortunately, the diagnosis that is happening in clinical trial sites does not allow the right selection of these patients for these trials, because of which the screen failure rate of these clinical trials is pretty high. So what we are trying to do is to build AI that uses routinely collected clinical workup data, neurology workup data, to see if we can identify those patients that might meet the clinical trial enrollment criteria. So this work that we have done is basically trying to combine different modalities of data that you can obtain in a routine neurology workup to see if we can build advanced AI methods to process all this information to see if we can identify those patients that might be eligible for these clinical trials. So this work is mainly focused on identifying those patients that are both PET positive on amyloid as well as tau to see if we can sort of take that routinely collected data and then make those predictions on how and who might turn out to be screen positive.

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